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In addition to the well-known one time and three infinite spatial dimensions of spacetime, many theories also consider the existence of extra dimensions. The Kaluza-Klein model expands spacetime with one spatial dimension, which is curled up in a microscopic circle, thus affecting particles on quantum mechanical scales. In neutron stars, where matter is subject to extremely strong gravitational effects, gravity could become comparable in strength to the other fundamental interactions and provide corrections to the equation of state. Thus low energy effects of quantum gravity could be present.
The effect of a strong gravitational field on massive particles is studied, indeed, corrections to the uncertainty and the dispersion relations are considered. Understanding microscopical effects induced by the structure of spacetime is crucial to build consistent models of macroscopic phenomena, which can be compared to astronomical data e.g. through neutron star oscillations.
A. Horváth, A. Wojnar, G.G. Barnaföldi: “The effects of strong gravity on the dispersion relation of massive particles in the Kaluza–Klein theory”, https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16631