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Description
Muography with scintillator-based detectors enables the investigation of mountain topography above tunnels and underground structures. The Hankuk Atmospheric-muon Wide Landscaping (HAWL) is the first real-time portable muon tomography project. It successfully charted the mountainous region of eastern Korea by measuring cosmic ray muons with a detector in motion. HAWL achieved a tunnel-length accuracy of 6.0% over an overburden range of 8–400 meter-water-equivalent (m.w.e.).
The HAWL upgrade (HAWLU) features a more compact design and enables angular resolution. This capability is based on a redesigned sensor mounting scheme that determines hit positions within each panel using charge and timing information, combined with two-panel coincidence measurements. Using this upgraded system, we successfully reconstructed undersea tunnel topography and, for the first time, measured tidal variations with water-level resolution on the order of 1 m.