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Description
This work investigates the performance limits of muography detectors of the MATE type by analyzing the propagation of geometric and instrumental errors and their impact on density reconstruction. A theoretical uncertainty-propagation framework is combined with Monte Carlo simulations that incorporate the angular muon flux, attenuation in homogeneous material, and counting statistics. Three main sources of error are examined: angular misalignment, uncertainty in the inter-plane distance, and effective pixel size. Results show that distance errors introduce a systematic positive bias, whereas angular and discretization effects produce negative biases amplified at large zenith angles. The study provides experimental tolerance estimates and calibration guidelines to improve the accuracy of muographic measurements in geophysical applications.