Academia Europaea Section Initiated Workshop 2017 - Inagural Lectures by New Members of Physics and Engineering Sciences
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Europe/Budapest
Conference Room of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Budapest)
Conference Room of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Budapest
Budapest V, Arany J. u. 1, H-2015, Hungary
Muhsin Harakeh
(KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands),
Tamás Csörgő
(Wigner RCP and EKE KRC, Budapest and Gyöngyös)
Description
Inaugural lectures by new members of the Physics and Engineering Sciences Section of Academia Europaea to contribute to the advancement and propagation of excellence in physics and engineering and to the advancement of public education in Europe.
Academia Europaea Section B3; Physics and Engineering.
Section Chair: Muhsin N. Harakeh, Class Chair: Donald Dingwell
Convenor and Chair: Muhsin N. Harakeh (KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands);
Co-convenor and local organiser: Tamás Csörgő (Wigner RCP, Budapest and EKE KRC, Gyöngyös, Hungary).
Partially supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Wigner Research Centre for Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Scienes, and the grants EFOP 3.6.1-16-2016-00001 ("Kutatási kapacitások és szolgáltatások komplex fejlesztése az Eszterházy Károly Egyetemen") and NKTIH FK 123842 and FK 123 959 (Hungary).
Photos of chairs and organizers
Participants
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Inagural Presentations: Part I.Conveners: Prof. Muhsin Harakeh (KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands), Prof. Tamás Csörgő (Wigner RCP Budapest and EKE KRC Gyöngyös)
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Beyond the Exponential Statistical FactorI present my personal view on non-extensive thermodynamics, where generalized canonical statistical factors replace the exponential function. By generalizing the familiar factor, exp(−E/T), in counting the relative occurrence frequency of states with energy E at temperature T one encounters primarily mathematical challenges. However, it is of equal importance to built up the formalism on physical phenomena, with an ample number of particular examples from the physical world. This motivates to show simple theoretical problems first and then gradually generalize. At the end alternative entropy formulas are presented.Speaker: Prof. Tamás Sándor Biró (MTA KFKI RMKI)
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From Ion Beam Techniques to NanostructuresAt the dawn of integrating transistors on a single chip – as G. Moore predicted and to fortune of academics – it was necessary to apply ideas from solid state physics and chemistry. Later, atomic scale precision of preparation techniques became critical. Today, again physics is coming, but at level of quantum physics. On leave from Eastern Europe, my first encounter with ion beam techniques occurred at Caltech when working as post-doc in the group of Prof. J.W. Mayer from 1969 on. First personal contribution was how depth-dependent chemical composition can be extracted from Rutherford Backscattering and Channeling spectra (RBS+C). Back to Hungary, establishment of a new facility on ion implantation in semiconductors and on nuclear analytical techniques was the task of a new group at the ‘that-time’ Central Res. Inst. of Phys., KFKI, where I’ve been invited to join. Later, an NSF-supported Caltech-KFKI exchange program involving Mayer’s and Gyulai’s group made the Budapest group accepted in international community. This joint group non-negligibly contributed to acceptance of ion implantation by the industry, thus, to fulfillment of ‘Moore’s Law’ by 1) proving that as substrate (100)-oriented silicon is preferential not only for Si-SiO2 interface quality, but for better regrowth of implantation defects, too (1975, contribution to paradigm change of silicon crystal industry), and 2) by proposing the so-called “pre-amorphisation” technique (Si or Ge ion amorphisation of the substrate surface, followed by implantation of dopants into this layer, finally, proper annealing leading to desired structure; main contribution of our L. Csepregi, 1978). This technique is still integral part of industrial practice. Experience gained in the US, led to another decade long cooperation with Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen, Fraunhofer IIS-B, Erlangen. The Budapest group also excelled in operating the region’s only semiconductor production line, now concentrating on MEMS, and in numerous SW programs and solutions in the field of ion beam analysis. An “excursion” of ours in the nineties to study swift ion irradiation led to unexpected discovery of formation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) from impact crater when noble gas ions of some hundred MeV impinge on the surface of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite. This result directed our interest toward nanoscience, just a year after carbon nanotubes were discovered. All this, led to successes of the group headed at present by L. P. Biró and L. Tapasztó, Member ASAE, also in studies of 2D materials (ref. Burgen Scholar talk of P. Vancsó, this conference).Speaker: Prof. József Gyulai
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Static and dynamic aspects of exotic nuclear structureStudies of nuclei far from stability are at the forefront of modern nuclear science. A wealth of new data from radioactive-beam facilities, the exciting phenomenology of nuclear astrophysics, and recent developments in related fields, have stimulated important advances in theoretical nuclear structure physics, evolving from macroscopic and microscopic models of stable nuclei towards regions of short-lived nuclei close to the particle drip lines. Interesting low-energy phenomena being explored include clustering in light nuclei, modification of shell structures, location of the drip-line in neutron-rich nuclei, shape coexistence and quantum shape phase transitions, low-energy resonances and exotic modes of excitations, the formation and stability of superheavy nuclei.Speaker: Prof. Dario Vretenar (Department of Physics, University of Zagreb)
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Nano-containers and nano-scaffoldsNanotubes are a special class of materials, extending in one dimension and containing a narrow cavity and a large, curved surface. Both can accomodate individual molecules: either through encapsulation (nano-containers) or adsorption (nano-scaffolds). The properties of these hybrid systems are unique on their own, but they are also subject to special chemical reactions because of their confinement. In my presentation, I will show examples of such hybrid materials and reaction products based on carbon and boron nitride nanotubes and organic molecules.Speaker: Prof. Katalin Kamarás (Wigner RCP of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)
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Opening a new view to the structure of nucleiThe density distribution and the size of nuclei were studied in details for stable nuclei and "common rules" were established. Those are; • A nucleus has a spherical or near spherical shape. • The radius of a nucleus is proportional to A1/3, where A is the mass number of the nucleus. • The surface of a nucleus is diffused and this diffuseness is almost the same for all nuclei. • The distribution of protons and neutrons in a nucleus is similar. A new experimental method of Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) invented in the mid-80th has enabled to determine radii of unstable nuclei. From experiments with RIB, surprisingly, it was found that the "common rules" were all broken and found that the "common rules" are only valid for stable nuclei. Then it was found that the understanding of nuclear structure, when it is expanded to unstable nuclei, has to be revised not only the density distribution but also other building blocks of nuclear structures such as shell structures. Such developments originated by the use of RIB and new structures of nuclei will be presented.Speaker: Prof. Isao Tanihata (Beihang University, Beijing, China and RCNP, Osaka University, Japan)
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Computational materials science: From needle crystals to complex polycrystalline formsPolycrystalline materials (e.g., technical alloys, minerals, drugs, sugar, etc.) play an essential role in our everyday life. Their properties are determined by the size-, shape-, and composition distributions of the crystallites they are built of. Knowledge based designing of their properties requires a mathematical model of polycrystalline solidification. In the past years the phase-field theory became the method of choice, when modeling complex solidification microstructures. After a brief introduction, recent advances made in describing polycrystalline freezing will be reviewed. The applied model incorporates homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of growth centers and several mechanisms to form new grains at the perimeter of growing crystals, a phenomenon termed growth front nucleation. Formation of complex polycrystalline structures such as disordered dendrites, polycrystalline growth forms (ranging from disordered dendrites to spherulitic patterns), and various eutectic structures, including spiraling two-phase dendrites will be addressed. Simulations exploring possible control of solidification patterns in thin films via external fields, confined geometry, particle additives, scratching/piercing the films, etc. will also also be displayed. For a review see L. Gánásy at al., Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45, 1694 (2014).Speaker: Prof. László Gránásy (Wigner RCP, Hungarian Academy of Sciences)
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16:00
Group Photo
New members of Academia Europaea are invited to join a group photo with the Chair of the Class of Physics and Engineering of Academia Europaea
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16:05
Coffee break
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Inagural Presentations: Part II.Conveners: Prof. Muhsin Harakeh (KVI, Groningen, The Netherlands), Prof. Tamás Csörgő (Wigner RCP Budapest and EKE KRC Gyöngyös)
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The exploration of strongly interacting matterIn cosmology, it is assumed that matter, of which the whole universe and we are made, was created from a plasma of elementary particles in the first microseconds after the Big Bang. This Quark-Gluon Plasma is characterised by an equilibrated system of free quarks and gluons that are normally confined inside protons and neutrons constituting atomic nuclei. In this contribution, I will gave a brief report on the current understanding of this state of matter.Speaker: Prof. André Mischke (University of Utrecht)
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Gazing at Matter above a Trillion degreesMatter around us is made of protons and neutrons giving the mass to atomic nuclei and interacting by Strong interaction, one of the four “fundamental forces”. The theory of Strong interaction challenges our standard notion of vacuum and leads to unusual features like a force increasing with particle distance, at variance with the other known “forces”. However, at temperatures above two Trillion degrees (2 *10^12 °K) it predicts that nuclear matter becomes a plasma of quarks and gluons. Hence the last would be the matter that permeated the Early Universe in the first microseconds after the Big-Bang and that can now be created on the Earth by mean of ultra-relativistic collisions. We are now able to study with a precision beyond expectations the properties of this hot matter that produced strongly out-of-equilibrium is able to thermalize in about 10^-23 seconds behaving like a nearly perfect fluid.Speaker: Prof. Vincenzo Greco (Universita degli Studi di Catania)
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Beauty and the QuantumI will present a new mechanism, called “quantum self-organization”, to enhance the collective modes in quantum many-body systems. The collective modes appear often with beautiful patterns, leading to the above title.Speaker: Prof. Takaharu Otsuka (University of Tokyo, Japan)
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Acceleration of High-Brightness Heavy Ion Beams for Generation of Dense PlasmasLarge heavy ion accelerators appear to be efficient tools for investigations into the physics of high-brightness beams generation for plasma and high energy density in matter physics research. This presentation outlines unprecedented fore-front research in extreme state of matter physics and applied science as well as the results of ongoing experimental activities on heavy ion accelerator facilities, providing intense beams capable of generating extreme state of matter by isochoric energy deposition regime.Speaker: Prof. Boris Sharkov (FAIR Center)
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Panta RheiOne of the fundamental questions in the field of subatomic physics is what happens to matter when densities and temperatures are reached which prevailed in the first microseconds after the Big Bang. At these temperatures and densities, matter is predicted to be in a novel state where new degrees of freedom propagate over large distances. This novel deconfined state of matter is called a quark gluon plasma (QGP). I will review our understanding of this novel state of matter.Speaker: Prof. Raimond Snellings (NIKHEF, The Netherlands)
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Grain Boundary Engineering for Improved Mechanical Properties in SiAlON CeramicsSiAlONs are ceramic materials with a range of technically important applications, from cutting tools to wear parts and the properties of SiAlONs can be tailored for specific applications. Wear performance of the cutting tools are governed by material properties which are affected by microstructure. Microstructure of SiAlONs can be controlled by types and amount of liquid phase sintering additives, which affect the distribution and crystallinity of intergranular phase, remnant of the additives after sintering. In this presentation, the effect of various types of sintering additives on the intergranular phase chemistry and microstructures will be reported for SiAlONs that are developed to be used in machining of different type of materials.Speaker: Prof. Hasan Mandal (Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey)
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